Category Archives: Authoritarianism

A Country for all of her kids

Authoritarianism, Democracy, Human rights, Liberalism, Pluralism, Social democracy

 

I think the political thinker Robert Kagan, who wrote the book Rebellion, got it right when he pointed out that the American Revolution ushered in two powerful forces. The first was a system of government that purported to treat all people equally, even though it really ignored much more than half of American adults. This Kagan referred to as a liberal system of government. But at the same time, it also ushered in at the same time powerful forces of illiberal rebellion against that liberal system of government. Those rebellious forces were the dark forces of backlash that wanted to maintain the privileges of those at the top of the hierarchical American society—mainly rich white heterosexual men.

 

The recent American election showed us awesome powers of liberalism that again, at least purport to speak for the Americans who are short on privileges.  In particular the two speeches from James Talarico, my kind of Christian, from Texas and Abdulrahman Mohamed El-Sayed, my kind of Muslim from Michigan.  Both spoke about making the US a great country again that welcomed others besides only the majority white population. I listened to both of their acceptance speeches and they filled me with hope again.

 

I recommend you go on line and listen to both speeches.  They are just speeches, but boy are they speeches. Hope for the nation of America which seemed to have irredeemably lost its soul.

 

Abdul El-Sayed, the surprising Senator-elect From Michigan, who won his seat against the hundreds of millions of dollars in campaign financing of his opponents,

 

“…they hate the idea of an America big enough for anyone who looks a little different, or prays a little different, or whose family comes from a different part of the world. That includes me, but it also includes anyone and everyone who doesn’t look like them, pray like them, love like them, or isn’t rich like them. So they turned this race into a simple choice. They want an America that is too small for some of us. We know that America is big enough for all of us. Big enough. We’re big enough to take on the crises that we face.”

 

I call this pluralism. A country where everyone has human rights because they are humans. Not just rich white heterosexual men. Abdul had been accused of being an American hating Muslim. That was a lie.  As he said, “I love America, but I love America enough to ask her to be America for all her kids.”

 

That’s the kind of country I want too here in Canada. I think we are a bit closer to being that then our neighbours to the south.

 

 

A time to be Joyful but not Irrationally exuberant

Authoritarianism

 

Americans achieved a tremendous victory against the forces of illiberalism. People should be joyful, but not irrationally exuberant. The forces of illiberalism and backlash have been repelled, but we must remember such victories are always temporary. The forces of illiberalism are at best temporarily lying dormant ready to arise again.  That is why we have to always be vigilant and recognize how those dark forces can rise again. They always rise again. They always will unless we are ready to suppress them.

 

The US just suffered through 2 years of a leader clearly on the illiberal spectrum.  He is quite willing to use his ample powers to attack his personal enemies and support his corrupt family and friends. He was quite willing to use those powers against the most vulnerable people in the country such as trans people, even though they are a tiny group without any significant power. He sent masked ICE agents, who closely resembled Nazi Brownshirt storm troopers, to roughly haul people from their homes and schools to detention centres far from home. Many were sent to countries to which they had no connections without recognizing their constitutional rights. He clamped down on the free speech of his perceived enemies.  He really shaped the country to walk like Nazis, talk like Nazis, so perhaps they are Nazis. And, most worryingly, he always had millions of Americans ready to support him in those endeavors. Worrying about democracy was never a foolish thing. It was always a profoundly necessary thing. And by this recent election Americans have bought a little bit of respite, but that is all. Those dark forces are alive in the country. No victory against those forces, no matter how sweet, is permanent.

 

But it sure is sweet.

 

Where is America’s Soul?

Authoritarianism, Death of Democracy, Decline of the west, Freedom, Trump, Tyranny and Fascism

 

Recently, Trump was bragging about a deal he made with Putin for Americans to buy diesel from Russia, no doubt hoping to reduce diesel prices in the US before the upcoming midterm elections. In the past many American political leaders have given Trump a pass when Trump cozied up to Putin. Not this time.

 

Trump and Putin have a special relationship.  It has been so close that for a while some Democrats believed Putin had Trump in his pocket.   However, recently, a number of American politicians, on a bi-partisan basis wrote a letter to Donald Trump. 6 Republicans signed the letter along with 6 Democrats. Such agreement is very rare these days.  These political leaders urged Trump to rescind the deal.

The 12 Republicans and Democrats used some strong language in condemning the deal.  They pointed out that such a deal at this time damages America’s security interests and “is a betrayal of the people of Ukraine, who continue to defend themselves from Putin’s murderous, illegal war.”  It also said, “This deal is a gift to our adversary and a betrayal of our Allies; it should be rescinded.”  But it looks like nothing will deter Trump in his quest to reduce American diesel prices and to help Trump avoid his party losing the election and him having to deal with a Democrat controlled House and Senate, which could make life uncomfortable for Trump. CBC News called it, “an astonishing betrayal of Ukraine by Donald Trump.”

But the words of the political leaders were strong, even if more self-serving than completely true: “For decades, America has stood as the bastion of freedom against tyranny, and American presidents have embodied our nation’s resistance to tyrants. Putin is a tyrant.” Actually, America has often supported dictators, but perhaps never so cravenly as this.

Chrystia Freeland, Canada’s former deputy Prime Minister had some really interesting things to say about this deal. She urged Americans to pay serious attention to what was happening when she said, “This is a Rubicon moment and I hope America recognizes it and will recognize more is at stake than Ukraine. I think America’s soul is at stake.”

Personally, I fear America’s soul has long since vanished.

Crises of Democracy are not Unprecedented

American Fascism, Authoritarianism, Fascism, Liberalism, Populism, Tyranny and Fascism

 

People should not be surprised when there is a crisis in democracy. People should be surprised when there is none. As the American political philosopher Robert Kagan said:

 

“The American Revolution did not just produce a new system of government dedicated to the protection of the rights of all individuals against government and community, the first of its kind in history. It also produced a reaction against those very liberal principles by slaveholders and their white supporters, by religious movements, by those many Americans who have sought to preserve ancient, traditional hierarchies of peoples and beliefs against the leveling force of liberalism.”

 

Many Canadians and Americans want to deny that this is part of their history. They do so at the peril of democracy, which cannot survive without constant support. As Robert Kagan showed, this tension between liberalism and illiberalism has dominated America, and it has likewise dominated Canada, and looking away from that reality is dangerously foolish. Democratic crises are part of our lifeblood. They are in our DNA.

 

Kagan called the notion that all Americans share a commitment to the founding principles of the country “a pleasant myth, or perhaps a noble lie.”

 

As he could have said equally about Canadians, he pointed out that,

 

“We prefer to believe we all share the same fundamental goals and only disagree on the means of achieving them. But, in fact, large numbers of Americans have always rejected the founders’ claim that all men are created equal, with ‘unalienable’ rights to liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and they have persistently struggled against the imposition of those liberal values on their lives. Great numbers of Americans, from the time of the Revolution onward, have wished to see America in ethnoreligious terms, as fundamentally a white, Protestant nation whose character is an outgrowth of white, Christian, European civilization. Their goal has been to preserve a white, Christian supremacy, contrary to the founders’ vision, and they have tolerated founders’ liberalism and the workings of the democratic system, only when it has not undermined that cause. When it has, they have repeatedly rebelled against it.”

 

That is why he called his book Rebellion. The rebellion he described and saw repeatedly, was an illiberal rebellion. It was a rebellion repeated over and over again by men—usually men—who wanted to preserve their privileges over those perceived as being “beneath” them. They never believed in equality. They believed in hierarchies with themselves and their kin and their fellow travelers at the top, in natural positions of dominance and privilege. This rebellion has repeatedly expressed itself as backlash. Over and over again every liberal step forward was followed by backlash, even when there was no over reach in the first place. These backlashes were not always corrections. That was always just a myth of the favoured minorities. And these myths must always be guarded against for they can hide the truth. And the truth must always be faced, no matter how uncomfortable.

 

The truth is that a lot of Americans, and Canadians, like their hierarchies, no matter how much they claim otherwise.

Liberal Myths

Authoritarianism, Death of Democracy, Fascism, Liberalism, Populism, Tyranny and Fascism

 

 

There are some American and Canadian political leaders who fail to understand that illiberalism is part of the American and Canadian traditions every bit as much the liberal tradition. We are not all sweetness and light to use the illuminating terms of Matthew Arnold.  If we don’t recognize this fact we will cease to be on the lookout for slippage into the darker sides of our nature.

 

That great American political thinker Robert Kagan got it right. We are both liberal and illiberal. He made the case clearly in his wonderful book, Rebellion: Donald Trump and the Anti-liberal Tradition in America. In fact, he opened that book with a quote from Patrick Henry who understand this fact back in June of 1778 when Virginia had its Convention ratifying the magnificent new American Constitution. That Constitution was magnificent, and Americans were right to be proud of it, but too many of them  have forgotten it was not perfect nor are they.  Canadians, also proud of their much later Constitution and Charter are subject to the same hubris and must always guard against it.  This is what Patrick Henry so wisely said: “Virtue will slumber. The wicked will be continually watching. Consequently you will be undone.” If we want to preserve the liberal institutions that protect our liberty we must be constantly on guard. Even if we constitutions. People can get around them if we let them.

 

Robert Kagan understood that “The institutions America’s founders created to safeguard liberal democratic government cannot survive when half the country does not believe in the core principles that undergird the American system of government.” And we know what happened in the presidential election of 2024.  More than half the Americans who voted, marked their ballots for a man, Donald Trump, who had clear autocratic tendencies, because they thought that was what America needed to avoid oppression by the liberals, and rejoiced at his efforts to curtail the liberal movement. In effect, they made clear at that time that they did not want the liberal democracy that was born out of the Revolution to continue. They voted no to liberal democracy and those Americans are every bit as real Americans as those who support liberal democracy. All who cherish liberal democracy, like me, whether Canadian or American, must realize that many of our fellow countryman do not share that love.

 

In fact, when you look at obviously undemocratic measures such as gerrymandering, where people decide it is acceptable for the political leaders to choose their electors rather than have the people choose their leaders, it also obvious that many Americans don’t really love democracy at all. That includes people who support both Republicans and liberals for both parties do it all the time.

 

Illiberalism is real and it is dangerous. If we don’t understand that, we don’t understand much. Before that 2024 presidential election Kagan said this: If he [Trump] wins, they will support whatever he does, including violating the Constitution to go after his enemies and political opponents, which he has promised to do.” And of course, he was right. That is exactly what Trump did after that election. And many Americans loved it. And still do.

 

Kagan predicted that democracy would fracture as a result. It did. It did not collapse, but it surely weakened, and as Kagan ominously added, “perhaps irrecoverably.” Joe Biden was seriously wrong when he said, “this is not who we are.” That is exactly who we are. And I refer to both Americans and Canadians when I say that.

 

We must always remember that the rule of autocracies is common. In fact, they are much more common than democracies. We must never assume democracy will prevail. Usually, it does not. If we love democracy, we always have to treasure it and protect it from harm. Or we will lose it.

 

The Definition of a Narcissist

Authoritarianism, Populism, Trump, Trumpism

 

Here is a short definition of “narcissistic personality disorder” based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), the official psychological diagnosis manual:

 

Has a pervasive pattern of grandiosity. Needs and requires excessive admiration. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance. Exaggerates achievement and talents. Expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success. Has a sense of entitlement. Lacks empathy. Takes advantage of others to achieve his or her ends.

 

Does this not describe Donald Trump perfectly? What does it say about America that millions and millions of people think he should be the president of their country?

Universal Language  [Part II]

Authoritarianism, Movies, Rebel, Rebellion and Resistance

 

 

The film Universal Language continues to dig deeper into the issues of authority, obedience, and rebellion—indeed universal subjects of great importance.

 

Negin, a student, has found money frozen in the ice. It is a matter of life and death he says. 500 Riels. “We can buy so many socks.,” he says. Or perhaps she could buy the student who could not see a new pair of glasses and all the students would be released from their captivity in the closet.

 

The film moves to Quebec with a big image of the Premier and a grey wall and a man sitting at a desk beside another grey wall. There are a lot of grey walls. The man, eating, explains to Matthew, that the world is losing confidence in its governments. Everywhere. Who could disagree with that?  “I am all for freedom,” he says, “but there must be limits.”  Again, who would disagree with that?  Well, Trumpsters in the US and members of the Truck convoy in Canada. To them freedom, means absolute freedom. At least for them. For the rest of us, freedom means no freedom.

 

Matthew has to write a report about his stay in the country, but it can’t be negative or neutral. To him freedom is just another word for nothing left to choose. At least the authoritarians of Iran, or perhaps Winnipeg, have the freedom.

 

Negin and his sister Nazgo as a passerby who is wearing a Christmas tree, all around, where they can find the turkey dealer. Muslims looking like Christians.  Again, they are surrounded by brick walls. Only this wall is brown. They are in the brown district, where you can choose any colour as long as its brown.  Buildings in each district conform to the color of the district. Grey, brown, or beige. Conformity is the key in this film.

 

The children find a shop with only turkeys for sale. You can buy anything you want, as long as its turkeys. They are looking for an axe to get the money out of the ice. The merchant has photos of turkeys on the wall. He assures the children, “we only use the gentlest system of circular saws.”  The merchant, wearing a cowboy hat and riding a senior’s motor cart asks the girl what she wants to be when she grows up. She says, “a cognitive neuroscientist.”  This is a surreal world.

 

Matthew takes a bus to Manitoba. The teacher, Iraj, is going too and asks if he can sit beside Matthew, even though the bus is nearly empty.  Matthew explains that he was planning to sleep through Ontario. He is a smart tourist and Iraj says that is unfortunate, because Ontario is very romantic in the moonlight.

 

One passenger refuses to sit beside a turkey. Buses should be for humans only she says. She explains to the driver that she has experienced much suffering. Her sons died in a marshmallow eating contest. Her husband was killed by a swarm of wasps. She has neighbours who steal her rhubarb and now she must sit beside a gobbling turkey? How can that be? The bus driver dressed in pink, including pink ear muffs, explains she is lucky because the turkey won an avian beauty contest. In the land of authority be thankful for what you get.

 

 

We see seniors playing bingo with the lady pulling ping pong balls with numbers on them. She is wearing a big coat, mitts and scarf. After all it is Winnipeg—One Great City. A pyramid of Kleenex boxes guarded by a ramrod still man in white coat and tie. A woman in East Kildonan can’t stop crying and the jackpot is a year’s supply of Kleenex. What could be better? The winner rebels. She does not want Kleenex because she already has a fantastic tear collection.

 

 

Dara drives by a bridge with a group of mourners standing in the snow inside an exit ramp of the Disraeli Bridge if I am not mistaken. Supposedly it is the grave site of Louis Riel the founder of Manitoba. All wear proper winter attire except the tour leader. The tourists are told Louis Riel was the premier rebel of Manitoba who started the province. They asked the leader if he earned good money as a revolutionary. What was his salary? This is the land where inane is king. I suppose they want to know if it pays as well to resist authority as the Revolutionary Guard in Iran? He wants them to stand for 30 minutes of silence to honor Riel for the sacrifices he made for the people. But, of course, all we hear is loud street traffic as the tourists from Iran stand respectfully obeying authority in silence surrounded by snow and loud traffic.

 

 

The tourist meanwhile visits another highlight of Winnipeg in the beige district where all buildings are beige.  They stand around looking at a dull building. One tourist asked if anyone famous lived there, as “it seems pretty boring.” ‘No,” the guide replies. “They were all unknown people. One was an administrative assistant. Another was a fax machine operator.” Dull ordinary people in other words. The tourists have been dragged out to see views of dull ordinary people. But they are free to do so. You can do anything you want as long as it’s boring.

 

The next place of interest is a briefcase left on a makeshift bench in 1978. Someone left it there. No one has ever looked inside. No one knows who the person was that left it there. It is said he was waiting for a bus. There is a photo of former Mayor Bill Norrey. The bench and forgotten briefcase have been enshrined as a UNESCO World Heritage site. “It is a monument to absolute interhuman solidarity at its most basic and banal.” It is a monument to dull and boring.

By then the tourists were understandably complaining about standing around in the cold. A very small rebellion.

 

Next, they are taken to Portage Mall to see a poster of former premier. Pallister with the words in Farsi, “A strong economy helps to prevent feelings of worthlessness.” I guess there is nothing like a nod to consumer society go give a tourist a thrill of excitement. There is also a sign in the mall in Farsi, the universal language, “ No loitering. Zero tolerance.” One customer sits on a chair, inserts a coin and waits for a mechanical massage. Reminds me of Marshall McCluhan’s car that he called a “Mechanical Bride.” The Portage Mall clock has no minute hand nor hour hand. Because, explains the tour guide, “the Portage Mall is timeless.” And they don’t any longer show 3D films because “they were too exciting.” Just one-dimensional films now. A blind man with a cane and a camera follows the group down the stairs. Spying on them? Perhaps.

 

In a modern scene right out of Kafka’s playbook, the tour guide shows them an empty water fountain no longer working. It has no water anymore. Another highlight of Winnipeg! In 1987 though people would watch it for hours, as it was so fantastic. You can’t throw coins into the empty water fountain because “all wishes have been cancelled.” To discourage loitering. One tourist asks, “Loitering? There is nothing to see here. A fountain without water is meaningless,” she demands. “I don’t know why you brought us here.” One more tiny rebellion. The guide replies, “Perhaps I brought you here out of hope. A small hope that the water might return and dazzle us again. A police officer comes up to the group and asks them to leave, because there is no loitering allowed. But they have a permit. They are an official tour group. Sadly, the permit allows only 30 seconds of viewing and they have already been there a whole minute! The tour leader asks to be forgiven. He lost track of time. I guess it was too exciting. They must leave.

 

 

As they walk through the city at night, a woman comes by to offer to sell her paper shredder. Massoud says he doesn’t need it as he has no paper. The woman says he can use it to make noodles with it or shoelaces. That’s allowed. They have some Riel freedoms.

 

Mahmoud walks Mathew to his apartment—another brown beige apartment block—where he took in Mathew’s mother who mistook him for Mathew. He works as a customer rep at the Winnipeg Earmuff authority. He is another authority figure, no less. He always wears earmuffs in the film as do some of the kids. He is also a shoveler of snow. Of course, he also is a tour guide but there is little need for his services in Winnipeg, particularly in the winter time. “There is very little tourism in Winnipeg,” he says. But he loves to show people the places he cares about.

 

Why does he do care so much for Mrs. Rankin, Mathew wonders? She had no one else he explains to Mathew.  Mathew says, “but it’s not your problem?” Mahmoud explains it this way to Mathew: “just as the Assiniboine joins the Red River and together they flow into Lake Winnipeg we are all connected.”

 

And the characters in the film, that seem so unconnected are in the end revealed to be entirely inter connected. It is real. Mahmoud tries to get Matthew to reconnect with his mother. He suggests he go up to see her. Photos of him will be there and he should know that sometimes he noticed his mother looking at them with love. “Tell her you are home now,” he suggests. After all, love is the universal language. Not Farsi? Or French? In this Riel Winnipeg, there are no other languages.

 

What a brilliant, beautiful, and funny movie. I had to see it twice to catch on. The first time I watched this film I saw the humour but I was distracted by it. It is so much more than a brilliant comedy.  This film is fantastic. It just seems boring!

 

Yes, the universal language is love. And connection, but you must obey authority. If you rebel, just don’t expect to be well paid.

 

 

Universal Language Part I

Authoritarianism, Freedom, Movies

 

Recently, I reviewed all 10 films nominated for Best Picture of the Year by the Academy of Arts and Sciences.  I saw some great films in the process, and some that were less than stellar.  Now I want to talk about the film I thought was the best film of the year, but it was not on that illustrious list. This film was called Universal Language and it was made by a Winnipegger Matthew Rankin. Can you believe it?

 

It was selected as the Canadian entry of the Academy Award for the Best International Film at the 97th Academy Awards earlier this year, but it was not chosen by the Academy for the nominations. It did receive 13 Canadian Screen Awards and won 6 of them including best Director.

 

Rankin was originally from Winnipeg and his father was Laird Rankin a long time executive director of Canada’s Historical Society. I think it was a very funny film when I watched it in Victoria earlier in the year.  Let me acknowledge however, that although my friend Ralph Friesen and I giggled throughout the film, but not that many other chuckles were heard in the room. It was an “off-beat comedy.” The film is set in Canada, but one very different from the Canada you know. It is a Canada in which Farsi is the main language. That is the language of Persia or Iran. The comedy takes place somewhere between Tehran, Quebec, and mainly Winnipeg. It tells two stories that eventually converge. One is between Negin and Naxgol who find money frozen in the ice in Winnipeg and try to claim it. The second story is about a tour guide who brings a group of tourists from Iran to Winnipeg.

 

The Winnipeg they see is unlike any Winnipeg I have ever seen. Understandably, the tour group is constantly confused, but largely obedient to their guide. Added to that, is the tale of Matthew (our Matthew Rankin) who quits his job in Quebec to come to Winnipeg to see his mother. Amazingly these stories do actually merge together to make some semblance of sense.  A semblance is all you get and that is enough.

 

In the opening scene an image of a school on a cold winter day in Manitoba where students are running wild in a French emersion class, for Iranian students, because the teacher is late.  He arrives and runs as fast as he can into the class and is really angry with them, but he is particularly angry that they do not have “the decency to  misbehave in French.” He reminds the students that he is not like other authority figures they know. “I wear an ear ring. And a turtle neck sweater. I’ve played my electric guitar for you more than once. And still, you behave like brats. I have devoted my life to making you better human beings. But look at you now.” The students are clearly rebels. And who doesn’t love rebels? The authorities of course hate rebels, in Iran, or in Canada.

 

 

One student in the class is dressed like Groucho Marx.  He is sent to a closet where he can still hear the teacher. The teacher stands beneath a portrait of Louis Riel the Metis rebel. Another student incurs his rile because he claims to want to be a tour guide when he grows up.  The teachers says, “in this town.” Another student wants to breed donkeys. The teachers says all the students will fail because of “REALITY.” The teacher says, “When I look at you I see little hope for humanity.” The students must say, in unison, “We are lost forever in this world.” Now they are not rebelling, they are following instructions from their authoritarian teacher.

 

He tells all the students in the closet even though they obviously can’t all fit.  It is their problem, not his. He expels all the students from class until the one student who could not read his notes from the class figures out how she can see the blackboard.  Arbitrary punishment for an arbitrary non-existent crime.  There is no justice in this Canadian autocracy. He lights a cigarette in the class room. After all he is the lord in the classroom. All-in-all as absurd as any authority figure.

 

As the students go out to play in the snow, in perfect order, they encounter another authority figure—their fellow student in a Groucho mustached and glasses.  He directs traffic to the one swing. Students line up and each get 3 swings. No more. then they must go back to the end of the line and wait again while each student has their turn. No questions allowed. Everyone must follow the rules in this authoritarian regime.

Meanwhile, a “real tour guide’ shows up, holding a small white flag, so his 3 tourists, in the middle of a yard of snow, can see him clearly, even though there are no other tourists and white might not be the best colour for the flag.   The guide who is the next authoritarian leader tells the tourists  if they don’t follow him they will miss the “jewel of the Grey district.” It is the Centennial Parking Pavilion in the winter. Nothing else. They stand in in the snow in front of a bare grey cement wall. Is this the best thing to see in Winnipeg? But the authority says it is the highlight of Winnipeg. And thhe must be right. Not? He has to end the tour, but he has hired students to re-enact “the Great Parallel Parking Incident of 1958.” What could be greater or more interesting than that? One tourist asks, “since when is a parking lot of great importance?” Well, of course, since the authority says it is.

Teh authorities must be right. Just like authority always works. Even in Winnipeg.

 

[to be continued}